Grammar list for AP Chinese
The AP Chinese exam doesn't have a specific grammar list provided by the College Board. Instead, it assesses your ability to use grammar naturally and effectively in various contexts. However, here is a list of common grammar points and structures that are often tested on the AP Chinese exam. It's essential to have a strong grasp of these grammar concepts:
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Tenses:
- Present, past, and future tenses.
- Aspect markers like 了 (le) for completed actions.
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Sentence Structure:
- Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) sentence structure.
- Subordinate clauses and relative clauses.
- Passive voice construction (被 bèi).
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Negation:
- Using 不 (bù) for negation.
- Using 没有 (méi yǒu) for "have not" or "did not."
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Questions:
- Yes-no questions with 吗 (ma).
- Wh-questions with 什么 (shén me), 哪里 (nǎlǐ), 谁 (shéi), etc.
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Comparatives:
- Using 比 (bǐ) for comparisons.
- Comparative structures like 更 (gèng), 更加 (gèng jiā).
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Modality:
- Expressing possibility with 可能 (kě néng).
- Expressing necessity with 必须 (bì xū).
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Conjunctions:
- Using 还是 (hái shì) for "or" in questions.
- Using 而且 (ér qiě) for "and."
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Expressing Duration:
- Using 了 (le) to indicate the duration of an action.
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Expressing Purpose:
- Using 为了 (wèi le) to indicate purpose.
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Conditional Sentences:
- Using 如果 (rú guǒ) for "if" clauses.
- Using 就 (jiù) to indicate a resulting action.
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Causative Structures:
- Using 让 (ràng) to indicate "let" or "allow."
- Using 使 (shǐ) to indicate "cause" or "make."
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Expressing Sequence:
- Using 先 (xiān) for "first," 然后 (rán hòu) for "then," 最后 (zuì hòu) for "finally."
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Emphasis:
- Using 是...的 (shì...de) to emphasize information in a sentence.
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Expressing Possession:
- Using 的 (de) to indicate possession.
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Particles:
- Using 吧 (ba) for suggestions or softening commands.
- Using 呢 (ne) for forming questions.
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Double Negation:
- Using 没有...不 (méiyǒ..bù) for emphasis.
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Comparative Structures:
- Using 越来越 (yuè lái yuè) for "more and more."
- Using 越...越 (yuè...yuè) for "the more...the more..."
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Expressing Obligation:
- Using 应该 (yīng gāi) for "should."
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Expressing Reciprocity:
- Using 互相 (hù xiāng) for "each other."
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Expressing Intention:
- Using 打算 (dǎ suàn) to indicate intention or plan.
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